Which radiation type is most penetrating?

Gamma rays are the most penetrating type of radiation due to their high energy and lack of mass and charge. Unlike alpha particles, which are effectively stopped by just a sheet of paper, and beta particles, which can be blocked by materials like plastic or glass, gamma rays can pass through these barriers more easily. They possess a much shorter wavelength and higher frequency compared to other types of radiation, which allows them to travel through various materials with minimal interaction.

X-rays also have high penetrating power, but gamma rays generally penetrate even further. This property makes gamma rays particularly significant in radiation protection discussions because they can pose a greater risk to human health and the environment if not properly shielded against. Effective shielding for gamma radiation typically requires dense materials such as lead or thick concrete, highlighting the need for comprehensive protection strategies in environments where gamma radiation may be present.