Which of the following is a biological effect of radiation exposure?

The correct answer is that cellular mutations are a biological effect of radiation exposure. When living tissues absorb ionizing radiation, it can lead to changes in the DNA structure of the cells. These changes can result in mutations, which may affect how cells function, increase the risk of developing cancer, or contribute to hereditary effects if the mutations occur in germ cells.

While increased resistance to disease, enhanced organ function, and immediate symptom relief may be desirable outcomes in various medical contexts, they do not accurately reflect the biological consequences of radiation exposure. In fact, radiation typically has detrimental effects on living organisms, and it is essential to understand these risks when it comes to radiation protection and safety measures in environments where radiation is present.