Which of the following is a potential health risk associated with prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation?

Prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation is linked to an increased risk of developing cancer due to the damage it can cause to the DNA within cells. Ionizing radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, thereby creating free radicals and other reactive species. This can lead to genetic mutations, which, if not properly repaired, may result in malignant transformations. The risk of cancer from ionizing radiation is well-documented, as seen in studies of survivors of atomic bombings and those exposed in occupational settings.

The other options, while they may relate to other types of radiation or conditions, do not have the same strong association with prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation specifically. Sunburn is primarily associated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation, eye strain is generally related to visual tasks rather than radiation exposure, and skin irritation can occur from various sources but is not specifically tied to ionizing radiation exposure over time. Thus, the connection between prolonged ionizing radiation exposure and an increased risk of cancer is well-established in the field of radiation protection and health.