What would likely happen in the absence of effective EPA regulations on radiation?

The likely impact in the absence of effective EPA regulations on radiation would be higher risks to public health and environmental safety. EPA regulations are designed to control the use, disposal, and release of radioactive materials to protect people and the environment from harmful exposure. Without these regulations, there would be less oversight on how radioactive materials are handled, increasing the chances of accidents, leaks, and improper disposal.

In situations where regulations are weak or not enforced, the potential for individuals to be inadvertently exposed to radiation rises significantly. This can lead to an increase in health issues related to radiation exposure, such as cancer or other chronic illnesses. Moreover, the environment could suffer from contamination that can have long-lasting impacts, affecting ecosystems and potentially entering the food chain.

The other options imply scenarios that are less likely to occur. For instance, increased public access to radioactive materials does not necessarily follow from a lack of regulations, as it could be countered by public safety concerns. Stricter international laws on radiation would typically stem from the recognition of existing issues, rather than a lack of domestic regulations. Lastly, while innovation in radiation technology might continue, it is more likely to be tempered by the necessity of regulations guiding safe practices and usages to protect public health and the environment.