What is a characteristic of alpha particles?

Alpha particles are characterized by their high mass and significant charge. Specifically, they are composed of two protons and two neutrons, which gives them a relatively large mass compared to other types of radioactive decay products, like beta particles and gamma rays. The positive charge of alpha particles arises from the presence of the protons.

Due to their high mass and charge, alpha particles are relatively heavy and move slowly in comparison with lighter particles like electrons. This high mass and charge result in strong interaction with matter, which greatly affects their penetration capabilities. Alpha particles can be stopped by a sheet of paper or the outer layer of human skin, demonstrating their limited ability to penetrate materials.

Understanding these characteristics is fundamental in radiation protection, as it informs safety protocols regarding alpha-emitting materials. Unlike other forms of radiation, such as beta particles and gamma rays, alpha particles do not travel far and can be easily shielded, but they can cause significant damage if ingested or inhaled because of their high ionization potential.