Define ionizing radiation.

Ionizing radiation is characterized by its ability to displace tightly bound electrons from the atoms it interacts with, leading to the formation of ions. This process occurs because ionizing radiation possesses sufficient energy to overcome the binding energy of the electrons in an atom. When these electrons are removed, the atom is transformed into an ion, which can be either positively charged (when an electron is lost) or negatively charged (when an electron is gained).

The significance of ionizing radiation lies in its potential biological effects. The ions produced can lead to chemical changes within cells, which can result in damage to DNA and other critical cellular structures. This is a central concept in radiation protection and safety protocols, as exposure to ionizing radiation can have harmful consequences for living organisms.

The other choices describe different types or effects of radiation but do not encapsulate the defining characteristic of ionizing radiation. Emitted radiation from radioactive materials might include non-ionizing forms, while the statement about radiation being safe for human exposure does not apply to ionizing radiation, which is known to pose risks under certain conditions. Similarly, while some forms of radiation can cause chemical reactions, it is the energy level and capacity to produce ions that specifically define ionizing radiation.